No More Hot Topping or Arc Feeding

Modulus calculation taking into consideration

• Finished roll diameters
• The junction between mainbarrel and top/bottom journals
• Influence of moulding chills with or without sand layer
• Modulus reduction caused by the limited sand thickness between mould surface and the moulding box

Solidification control

• Solidification / feeding distances
• determination of solidification distance in the top and bottom journal
• how to increase feeding distance
• Reduction of top journal diameter in order to reduce machining time by the use of insulation material

Feeder calculation

• Feeder modulus
• Minimum feeder volume dependent on steel - analysis
• No arc feeding or hot topping
• Feeder neck calculation

Recommendation for steel deoxidation practices dependant on melting methods/procedure

The use of these techniques would allow rolls to be cast and forgotten until knockout. No hot tops arc feeders would be required.